Historical reconstruction of sturgeon (Acipenser spp.) spatiotemporal distribution and causes for their decline in North-Western Europe

Abstract This study aims to reconstruct the historical spatiotemporal distribution of anadromous sturgeons, Acipenser sturio and A. oxyrinchus, in NW-Europe (especially Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, Ems rivers, North Sea), light evaluating possibilities for their reintroduction. It is based on fisheries data from 14th–twentieth century, consisting > 5000 records sturgeon landings sales (c. 40,000 specimens) Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Luxemburg, France Switzerland. Most originate Rhine-Meuse delta 28,000 specimens, 98% Rhine catches). Further upstream, far fewer sturgeons 600 were reported Rhine’s mainstem its principal tributaries, Mosel, Neckar Main. Smaller tributaries Ems, Scheldt rivers seldom yielded sturgeons. spatial pattern can be related species’ preference large-river habitat, combined with activities that most intensive areas. Sturgeon catches began dwindle late nineteenth at a time when river engineering first strongly affected sturgeon’s reproductive habitats Lower Also then onwards, Sea fishery pressure increased, as trawlers switched sail steam-powered propulsion. These sea harvested all age-classes year-round, including populations other European rivers. The outcomes suggest NW-European initially impacted by fisheries, but especially destruction due regulation, an intensified fishery, ultimately resulting total population collapse.